Since 1865, Zenith has shaped the art of watchmaking, turning raw metal into mechanical poetry that embodies innovation and resilience. From defying the quartz crisis through one watchmaker’s determination to pioneering the high-frequency El Primero movement at 36,000 vibrations per hour, the brand has remained true to its celestial namesake. Trusted by aviators and cherished by visionaries like Gandhi, Zenith continues its legacy through its collections—where Swiss precision meets avant-garde design, measuring time with uncompromising excellence.

Zenith’s Path Through Horology

Founded by renowned horologist Georges Favre-Jacot in 1865 in Le Locle, Switzerland, Zenith has become one of the premiere names in haute horlogerie.

Founded by renowned horologist Georges Favre-Jacot in 1865 in Le Locle, Switzerland, Zenith has become one of the premiere names in haute horlogerie. With the establishment of the brand began a revolutionary way of making watches. Favre-Jacot’s pioneering choice to undertake all watchmaking crafts under one roof started Switzerland’s first integrated manufacture, fundamentally changing the industry from that moment onward. 

Workshop of the Zenith Manufacture; Image Courtesy: Zenith

Prosperity flourished at the manufacturer, leading to the hiring of new agents to market Zenith watches from Europe to the Far East before 1880. In 1911, the name “Zenith,” meaning the highest point in the heavens, was adopted to reflect the brand’s pursuit of horological excellence.

At the 1900 Paris Universal Exhibition, among the latest technological developments from across the world, the Manufacture was honoured with a gold medal for its innovations on the technical side as well as its aesthetics.

The brand experienced remarkable achievements in the earlier decades of the 20th century. At the 1900 Paris Universal Exhibition, among the latest technological developments from across the world, the Manufacture was honoured with a gold medal for its innovations on the technical side as well as its aesthetics. Zenith collaborated with some of the most prominent Art Nouveau masters of the time, such as Mucha and Lalique, on numerous pocket watches as well as miniature clocks that merged art and industry in creative and novel ways. In 1948, it made the famed calibre 135, which garnered a record-breaking 2330 chronometry prizes, contributing immensely to the manufacturer’s reputation for unrivalled precision.

In 1948, it made the famed calibre 135, which garnered a record-breaking 2330 chronometry prizes, contributing immensely to the manufacturer's reputation for unrivalled precision.

Despite facing challenges during the quartz crisis of the 1970s, Zenith demonstrated remarkable resilience. It was acquired briefly by the American Zenith Radio Corporation. Then, it came under the ambit of LVMH in 1999, ushering in an era of innovation that balanced its rich tradition of mechanical excellence.

Zenith El Primero: Revolution At 36,000 Vibrations Per Hour

The crowning glory of the history of Zenith was the birth of the El Primero in 1969, the world's first fully integrated automatic chronograph movement; Image Courtesy: Zenith.

The crowning glory of the history of Zenith was the birth of the El Primero in 1969, the world’s first fully integrated automatic chronograph movement. The feature that made this revolutionary calibre stand out from the pack was the frequency of 36,000 vibrations per hour (5Hz), thus achieving the capability of time measurement to the nearest 1/10th of a second.  The development of the El Primero was monumental, taking seven years of intense research and development to produce this high frequency movement of mechanical engineering with 354 components working well in harmony. The name it was given, El Primero—Spanish for “The First”—bears testimony to its ground-breaking nature.

During the quartz crisis, Charles Vermot secretly stowed away all tools and parts for El Primero production for posterity. This foresight saved the calibre from extinction and made it possible to return in the 1980s; Image Courtesy: Zenith.

The El Primero’s survival story adds another fascinating chapter to its legacy. During the quartz crisis, when mechanicals were set aside in favour of electronics, a renegade Zenith watchmaker named Charles Vermot secretly stowed away all tools and parts for El Primero production for posterity. This foresight saved the calibre from extinction and made it possible to return in the 1980s. Today, the El Primero is the soul of the Zenith chronograph collection: built upon in a continuous series of improvements ever since, yet proud to have maintained the exalted high-frequency architecture of the original movement.

Zenith Collection Lineup

Zenith’s collections showcase the brand’s mastery of horology, each embodying a distinct interpretation of precision, craftsmanship, and design. From sport-driven chronographs to elegant dress watches, Zenith continues to push the boundaries of watchmaking.

Chronomaster Collection

A signature of the Chronomaster collection is the tri-colour sub-dial configuration in grey, blue, and anthracite that traces its origins to the pioneering El Primero A386 of 1969.

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The Chronomaster collection, introduced in 1994, stands as the modern embodiment of the El Primero legacy. It has since become Zenith’s definitive chronograph line, blending technical prowess with an aesthetic identity deeply rooted in the brand’s heritage. A signature of the collection is the tri-colour sub-dial configuration in grey, blue, and anthracite that traces its origins to the pioneering A386 of 1969. The collection spans a spectrum of chronograph excellence, encompassing heritage-inspired timepieces, dynamic sports models, and open-heart skeletonised renditions, offering a glimpse into the movement’s intricate workings. The collection’s rugged design language reinforces its dynamic appeal, with firm lines and a bold aesthetic that underscores its performance-driven character.

The collection spans a spectrum of chronograph excellence, encompassing heritage-inspired timepieces, dynamic sports models, and open-heart skeletonised renditions, offering a glimpse into the movement’s intricate workings.

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Defy Collection

The Defy collection embodies Zenith’s commitment to avant-garde design, distinguished by bold architectural aesthetics, cutting-edge materials, and groundbreaking mechanisms.

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The Defy collection embodies Zenith’s commitment to avant-garde design, distinguished by bold architectural aesthetics, cutting-edge materials, and groundbreaking mechanisms. The models are marked by geometric accuracy and angular shapes with distinctive octagonal cases, bezels with facet cuts, and bracelet designs embedded into the casing. The very identity of the collection is around testing novel material, such as the latest technology, used titanium and carbon, to organic gemstones and ceramic. It also includes tourbillon iterations that showcase Zenith’s expertise in high-precision watchmaking. Defy is Zenith’s canvas, utilised specifically to collaborate with modern-day artists and designers, creating series-limited issues like the Skyline Tourbillion Felipe Pantone Edition combining horlogerie and artistic creation. 

Zenith collaborated with Pantone to create limited edition issues like the Skyline Tourbillion Felipe Pantone Edition; Image Courtesy: Zenith.

Pilot Collection

The Pilot collection draws inspiration from Zenith's rich aviation heritage, dating back to the early 20th century when the manufacturer supplied instruments to pioneering aviators.

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The Pilot collection draws inspiration from Zenith’s rich aviation heritage, dating back to the early 20th century when the manufacturer supplied instruments to pioneering aviators. This legacy collection balances historical authenticity with contemporary innovation, maintaining the distinctive design elements that made Zenith timepieces trusted companions in the cockpit. Characteristic features include oversized crowns with large luminescent Arabic numerals and robust construction to withstand the rigours of flight. The collection’s corrugated dials evoke the instrumentation of vintage aircraft, while interchangeable straps adapt to various environments and missions. Zenith continues to honour this heritage through carefully considered collaborations, such as with Porter, that bring fresh perspectives to the collection while maintaining its authentic aviation DNA and technical excellence.

Elite Collection

The Zenith’s Elite collection reinterprets the elegance of mid-20th-century watchmaking through a contemporary lens.

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The Zenith’s Elite collection reinterprets the elegance of mid-20th-century watchmaking through a contemporary lens. Defined by sleek minimalism and a strong graphic identity, the collection distills the essence of classic watch design while embracing a modern approach. The Elite Classic with a date function at six o’clock and Moonphase models exemplify Zenith’s vision of understated luxury, where harmonious proportions and meticulous craftsmanship converge to create a truly distinguished aesthetic. More than a tribute to the past, the Elite collection is a refined expression of horological excellence for the present and beyond.

Zenith And Notable Personalities Through The Years

Mahatma Gandhi also treasured a silver Zenith alarm pocket watch gifted by Indira Nehru, one of the few material possessions he allowed himself.

Zenith watches have adorned the wrists of numerous influential figures throughout history. Pioneering aviator Louis Blériot wore a Zenith Special during his historic English Channel crossing in 1909, while fellow aviation pioneer Léon Morane relied on Zenith when breaking the 100 km/h airspeed barrier in 1910. Mahatma Gandhi also treasured a silver Zenith alarm pocket watch gifted by Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the few material possessions he allowed himself.

Actor Will Ferrell was recently spotted wearing the distinctive red-dialed Zenith Defy Revival A3691 at the Cannes Film Festival.

Today’s celebrities continue this tradition. Actor Will Ferrell was recently spotted wearing the distinctive red-dialed Zenith Defy Revival A3691 at the Cannes Film Festival, adding to his collection of fine timepieces. NFL quarterback Aaron Rodgers serves as an official brand ambassador, prominently featuring the Chronomaster Sport with its high-precision El Primero movement capable of measuring 1/10th second intervals. These partnerships highlight Zenith’s enduring appeal among those who appreciate its blend of heritage and innovation.

Crafting Tomorrow’s Classics: Zenith’s Continuing Journey

Zenith’s story is one of resilience, innovation, and an unrelenting pursuit of excellence. Their watches have timed history, from aviation milestones to the wrists of visionaries who changed the world, Zenith timepieces remain symbols of excellence. As the brand evolves, it stays true to its celestial inspiration—pushing the boundaries of watchmaking while preserving the timeless values that define its identity.